Il n'est pas exagéré de dire que ce qui est en train de naître ne sera pas un gouvernement du parti de majorité relative Likoud et d'autres forces de droite. Ce sera plutôt un gouvernement du parti des colons avec un Premier ministre du Likoud.
Le chef de Foyer Juif Naftali Bennett (photo de Emil Salman)
par Michele Giorgio
Jérusalem, le 14 mai 2015, Nena News - Alors que le Premier ministre Benyamin Netanyahou est occupé en ce moment pour répondre aux demandes pressantes des collègues de son parti, le Likoud, qui exigent les derniers ministères disponibles avant la prestation de serment du gouvernement prévu dans la journée, les colons Israéliens ne cachent pas leur satisfaction quant à la composition du nouveau gouvernement, la plus déséquilibré en faveur de l'extrême droite de l'histoire du pays. La poursuite de relance de la colonisation des Territoires palestiniens occupés est en fait escomptée après que le parti national-religieux Foyer Juif, historique représentant des colons, a arraché à M. Netanyahu des ministères clé. Le mouvement des colons exercera donc une influence comme jamais auparavant. Aussi parce que dans le même Likoud sont nombreux les partisans du développement effréné des colonies juives en Cisjordanie et à Jérusalem-Est. Et les milliers et milliers de maisons pour les colons que le gouvernement précédent a déjà approuvé seront rejoints par plusieurs milliers d'autres prévisibles, n'importe où.
Parmi les colons il y a une attente largement répandue que le gouvernement ira supprimer les restrictions restantes sur la construction de nouvelles maisons. "Il y a une réalité permanente en Judée et Samarie (la Cisjordanie ndr), qui est presque irréversible ... Nous sommes optimistes ... Nous ne cherchons pas le clash mais le monde ne peut pas dicter une chose sur laquelle la démocratie israélienne a voté contre, "a déclaré au Times of Israel Dilmoni Yigal, le porte-parole pour le Conseil de Yesha qui représente la majorité des "settlers" (colons) Israéliens.
Plus de 350.000 colons vivent en Cisjordanie et 200.000 autres à Jérusalem-Est, la zone arabe de la ville occupée par Israël en 1967, installés parmi environ trois millions de Palestiniens.
Ces derniers jours, le président américain Barack Obama a réitéré qu'il attend du nouveau gouvernement de travailler pour la solution de Deux Etats (Israël et la Palestine coexistant) et l'Union européenne a adopté une ligne, au moins en apparence, plus dure contre colonies. Des positions pour lesquelles ont peu d'intérêt les colons et leurs nombreux soutiens dans le gouvernement et à la Knesset qui ne donnent aucun poids au droit international.
Dani Dayan, un ancien chef de Yesha, dit Netanyahu, devra naviguer entre deux agendas opposées, celle d'Israël et celle de la communauté internationale: "A la fin de la journée en Israël le Premier ministre a la majeure partie du pouvoir et il est celui qui devra décider quel chemin suivre. " Une route qui sera indiquée avec force par le Foyer Juif. Bien qu'il ait obtenu aux élections du 17 mars seulement huit sièges sur 120, Netanyahou a besoin comme de l'air de cette force politique pour assurer sa faible majorité de seulement 61 sièges. Et le leader du Foyer Juif, Naftali Bennett, est parfaitement conscient du pouvoir qu'il se retrouve dans les mains. Même d'autres partenaires de Netanyahu - parmi lesquels deux partis ultra-orthodoxes et le centriste Kulanu - ont la capacité de faire tomber la coalition. Mais avec leurs intérêts ils sont focalisés sur des questions intérieures, sociales et religieuses, tandis que Foyer Juif fait de la colonisation juive, du refus de l'Etat palestinien et du défi au droit international son cheval de bataille. A cause de cela il exercera des pressions continues sur le Premier ministre qui, cependant, il ne faut pas oublier, est lui aussi un partisan du mouvement des colons et peu intéressé à parvenir à un accord avec les Palestiniens.
Il ne sera pas exagéré de dire que ce ne sera pas un gouvernement du Likoud et d'autres forces de droite, mais plutôt un gouvernement de Foyer Juif avec un Premier ministre du Likoud. Bennett est en fait destiné à devenir ministre de l'éducation, donc en mesure de promouvoir ses points de vue religieux et nationalistes dans les écoles. Uri Ariel, chevalier de la construction de colonies dans le gouvernement précédent, sera ministre de l'Agriculture, où il peut prendre le contrôle de la Division de l'établissement, une agence gouvernementale qui finance les colonies. Un autre représentant du parti deviendra ministre de la Défense adjoint sous la supervision de l'Administration civile (en réalité gouverné par les militaires) qui "administre" les Palestiniens vivant en «zone C», soit 60% de la Cisjordanie.
La ministre de la Justice et députée de Foyer Juif Ayelet Shaked (photo de Yoel Meltzer)
Sans oublier que le bras droit de Bennett, Ayelet Shaked, connue pour des déclarations violentes contre les Palestiniens - l'année dernière elle a posté sur son compte Facebook un texte d'un extrémiste de droite qui définit les enfants palestiniens des "petits serpents" et est accusée d'avoir fait des déclarations en soutien du génocide du peuple de Gaza (elle cependant le nie) - deviendra ministre de la Justice sans avoir aucune compétence dans ce domaine. Dans le passé Shaked a ouvertement critiqué le système judiciaire du pays qu'elle estime trop «libéral». Maintenant elle sera en mesure d'influencer la nomination des juges et de faire avancer les projets de loi qui visent à frapper tout ce qu'elle considère "progressiste".
Nachman Shai, un député de l'opposition, a déclaré que donner à Shaked le ministère de la Justice est comme «nommer un pyromane à la tête du service des sapeurs pompiers."
Pendant ce temps, malgré les ambiguïtés et les contradictions, croît au moins en Europe, le malaise à l'égard des politiques de Netanyahu. Hier, d'importants représentants européens membres de l' "European Eminent Person Group" - qui comprennent entre autres deux anciens ministres des Affaires étrangères de France, Hubert Védrine et Roland Dumas, les anciens premiers ministres français Michel Rocard et irlandais John Bruton, et l'espagnol Javier Solana, un ancien secrétaire général de l'OTAN - ont envoyé une lettre au Haut Représentant de la politique étrangère de l'UE, Federica Mogherini, attendue la semaine prochaine en Israël et dans les Territoires occupés, dans laquelle ils se disent déçus par les résultats de la médiation Usa et invoquent une approche plus ferme par l'UE dans le conflit israélo-palestinien. Netanyahu, écrivent-ils, «a peu l'intention de négocier sérieusement la solution de Deux Etats dans le contexte du gouvernement qu'il est en train de constituer." "L'Europe - lit-on dans la lettre - n'a pas encore trouvé un moyen efficace pour rendre Israël responsable de la façon dont il maintient l'occupation. Il est temps de démontrer sérieusement aux deux parties combien l'opinion publique européenne considère les violations du droit international, la perpétuation d'atrocités et la négation des droits acquis ". "Se cacher derrière le leadership américain" est à la fois «peu productif et peu édifiant», concluent les signataires, selon lesquels même des crises "apparemment plus urgentes", telles que celles en Syrie, Yémen, Irak et Libye peut être "une excuse" étant donné que «le contexte de la Palestine est de 47 ans d'occupation militaire."
NenaNews
source :
http://nena-news.it/israele-nasce-il-governo-di-casa-ebraica-con-un-premier-del-likud/
Le texte de la lettre des membres de l'European Eminent Persons Group
To:
Cc:
Ms Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission The Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the European Union
Mr Donald Tusk, President of the European Council Mr Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission Mr Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament Mr John Kerry, US Secretary of State
Re: a new EU approach to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Dear High Representative, Dear Foreign Minister,
11th May 2015
The re-election of Benyamin Netanyahu as Israeli Prime Minister and the construction of a new Israeli coalition government now requires urgent action by the EU to construct a coherent and effective policy on the question of Palestine.
The European Eminent Persons Group on Middle East issues (EEPG) presents the following commentary and recommendations on what that policy should be.
As our statement of April 2014 made clear, we have for some time regarded the Oslo-Madrid process as effectively defunct. The opportunities it presented through its focus on the centre ground in the substance for a settlement were suffocated by mutual distrust, by Palestinian disunity and by Israel's lack of interest in an outcome of this kind, as evidenced by large-scale settlement expansion.
Mr Netanyahu expressed various views on Palestine in and around the recent election campaign, most of them cold to the concept of an independent Palestinian state. We are convinced in our own minds that he has little intention of negotiating seriously for a two-state solution within the term of this incoming Israeli government. We also have low confidence that the US Government will be in a position to take a lead on fresh negotiations with the vigour and the impartiality that a two-state outcome demands.
Yet the situation on the ground grows steadily more dangerous. It has received less priority attention recently than certain other parts of a very disturbed region, but conditions in the Occupied Territories remain high on the list of the world's worst crises in terms not just of political flammability, but also of the denial of international justice, human rights and humanitarian standards. Israel's long-term security, which we value highly, is severely compromised by the current trend of events, as its international reputation. The continued illegal expansion of settlements in area and population will only reinforce this trend.
The EEPG remains committed to the concept of a two-state solution. We see no better alternative to the probability otherwise of the establishment of either a non-Jewish democracy or a Jewish non-democracy within the territories in question, neither of which would be a stable arrangement. It is time for the European Council of Ministers to construct a policy on Israel-Palestine that both reflects the nature of the threat to European interests of a totally collapsed peace process and meets the EU's responsibility to take a comprehensive, independent and effective position on this primary foreign and security policy issue.
Unequal status of the Parties
It has been a serious flaw in previous attempts at negotiations for a comprehensive settlement that the Israeli and Palestinian parties have been so unequal in international status. This was never addressed with any objectivity by American negotiating teams. Some difference in status has to be acknowledged as inevitable, given the circumstances of the Occupation, but it was always the responsibility of those promoting negotiations to protect the integrity of the process by ensuring the equivalence of the historical rights of both peoples under international law and UN principles.
International awareness of this has led to recognition of Palestine moving up the international agenda. This was given impetus during the course of 2014 by Arab-sponsored activity in the UN General Assembly and then by Sweden's decision, supported by a number of other European parliaments, in favour of recognition. Further progress for the concept of recognition has been compromised as much by the Palestinians' own failure to reconcile their internal differences as by Israeli opposition.
We maintain our view that the current financial and political assistance given by Europe and America to the Palestinian Authority achieves little more than the preservation of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and imprisonment of Gaza. The Palestinian Authority's tenuous grip on the West Bank population's allegiance has required strong security and other dependence on Israel, funded primarily by Europe and the US. Gaza has shamefully been left to one side.
The situation in the Occupied Territories
Standards of living and human rights in both territories have sunk shockingly low. It is no longer possible for the EU to allow these conditions to continue without grave risk to its international reputation and to its long-term interest in the stability of its neighbourhood. Hiding behind American leadership on the politics of the dispute is unedifying and unproductive. The apparently more urgent crises in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen are little excuse either, when the scope to stand up for principled action on Israel-Palestine, along lines long established by past UN decisions, is better defined than in those other cases. We seem to forget that the context in Palestine is one of 47 years of military occupation, characterised by grave violations of international law.
The EU needs to decide on its priorities. Europe has yet to find an effective way of holding Israel to account for the way it maintains the occupation. It is time now to demonstrate to both parties how seriously European public opinion takes contraventions of international law, the perpetration of atrocities and the denial of established rights.
Action at the United Nations
During the course of 2015 it is probable that the status of Palestine will again come before the UN Security Council. EU members of that body should be united in supporting a draft resolution that creates a greater equivalence between Israel and Palestine as political entities in the framework of any new negotiations. If this means recognition of a Palestine government-in-waiting for the territories within the pre-1967 borders, or the setting of a deadline for the negotiation of a two-state solution, the EU should be united in support. As for Palestine's membership of the International Criminal Court as from 1 April 2015, Europe should engage with the Palestinians on responsible use of the ICC, recognising that its powers will be applicable to Palestinian just as much as to Israeli actions. Indeed, the existence of the ICC could be a primary channel for constraining abuses of human rights and war crimes on both sides in future.
The EU relationship with the US
The EU and its Member States have been held back from a more proactive stance on Israel- Palestine by three major considerations: their lack of consensus on the issue, their focus on newer and apparently more urgent Middle East crises and their reluctance to get out in front of the United States in an area where Washington has always insisted on prime ownership. These three drawbacks now need to be addressed directly. The absence of any credible negotiation process, combined with the desperate condition of the Occupied Territories, the eroding international legitimacy of the Israeli approach and the instability of the wider region, requires a fresh examination of EU policy. The fact that American efforts over more than two decades have achieved virtually nothing by way of justice for the Palestinians or long-term security for Israel means that European interests have also suffered. This needs to be recognised in a new formulation of EU policy that puts those interests first and that reflects the expectation of European public opinion increasingly dissatisfied with the status quo. The Arab Peace Initiative, proposed in 2002 but largely ignored since then, could form one pillar of a new EU approach.
A fresh approach
Such a policy should include the following elements:
the introduction, in line with the EU’s position as stated in November 2014 that the development of relations with both parties would depend on their attitude to progress towards a two-state solution, of substantial elements of political conditionality into their transactions with both sides, written into EU law where fundamental EU requirements are not met;
EU support in the UN Security Council for a resolution that either i) calls for new negotiations and sets a mandatory deadline for the completion of an agreement to establish a two-state solution; or ii) creates a greater equivalence between the Israeli and Palestinian parties, including through recognition of a Palestinian state and strong support for Palestine accession to international treaties and organisations;
the preparation of a new approach to comprehensive negotiations for a settlement that would accompany recognition of the equality of the parties. This would be fully discussed with the United States, but with a view to it being taken forward by the EU alone if the US proved unable to support it. The scope for using the Arab Peace Initiative as part of the foundation for this approach should be examined;
close and proactive involvement in the process of encouraging Palestinian reconciliation as a prerequisite of a two-state solution. This should include direct efforts to persuade Hamas and other Palestinian factions intent on armed struggle to take a political and non-violent line from now on;
a much stronger insistence, backed up by implementable actions to promote accountability, on behaviour by both sides that meets international human rights and humanitarian norms and addresses the unacceptable impact of conflict on civilian populations;
an equally strong insistence on an end to settlement expansion and on the inclusion of current settlement land in any negotiation on final territorial status;
a call for the promotion of full and equal rights for all citizens within the state of Israel, regardless of ethnic background;
in line with the letter sent to the High Representative by 16 EU Foreign Ministers on 13 April 2015, the EU-wide introduction of guidelines for correct labelling of settlement products, to be complemented by tougher measures to contain settlement expansion and steps to operationalise the EU’s policy of non-recognition of Israeli sovereignty beyond the 1967 borders across the full range of EU-Israeli relations;
a reconsideration of the consequences of EU funding under current arrangements for the Palestinian Authority to make it conditional on international norms being met for the situation in the Occupied Territories;
increased political and financial support, in addition to the EU’s independent actions, for UN and civil society efforts to address the conditions in the Occupied Territories.
The European Eminent Persons Group requests the High Representative and the Council of Ministers to consider these proposals urgently and seriously, with a view to laying out a new policy approach within the course of 2015.
Yours sincerely,
Members of the European Eminent Persons Group:
Hubert Védrine, Foreign Minister of France (1997-2002), Co-Chair of the EEPG
Wolfgang Ischinger, Deputy Foreign Minister of Germany (1998-2001) and current Chairman of the Munich Security Conference, Co-Chair of the EEPG
Jeremy Greenstock, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the UN (1998-2003), Co-Chair of the EEPG
Andreas van Agt, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1977-1982)
Frans Andriessen, Vice-President of the European Commission (1985-1993)
Laurens Jan Brinkhorst, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2005-2006)
Hans van den Broek, Foreign Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1993) and EU Commissioner for External Relations (1993-1999)
John Bruton, Prime Minister of Ireland (1994-1997)
Roland Dumas, Foreign Minister of France (1988-1993) and President of the Constitutional Council (1995-2000)
Benita Ferrero-Waldner, European Commissioner for External Relations (2004-2009) and Foreign Minister of Austria (2000-2004)
Elisabeth Guigou, French Minister of European Affairs (1990-1993) and Minister of Justice of France (1997-2000)
Lena Hjelm-Wallén, Swedish Foreign Minister (1994-1998) and Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden (1995-2002)
Miguel Moratinos, Foreign Minister of Spain (2004-2010) and EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process (1996-2003)
Teresa Patrício de Gouveia, Foreign Minister of Portugal (2003-2004)
Ruprecht Polenz, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the German Bundestag (2005-2013) and Secretary-General of the CDU (2000)
Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990-1997) and UN Commissioner for Human Rights (1997-2002)
Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)
Javier Solana, EU High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy (1999-2009) and NATO Secretary-General (1995-1999)
Peter Sutherland, EU Commissioner for Competition (1985-1989) and Director-General of the World Trade Organization (1993-1995)
Articles liés :
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16 MAI 2015