Brésil

Au Brésil, Dilma Rousseff est un scandale fragilisée pair of corruption
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In Brazil, Dilma Rousseff is weakened by a corruption scandal
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  written byPaulo A. Paranagua Le monde.fr (translation)
Corruption is endemic in Latin America, as the Corruption Perceptions Index 2014 Transparency International released Wednesday 3 December With the exception of Chile and Uruguay, no country in the region did well. Bad practices predominate, from Mexico to Argentina, passing through Venezuela, Bolivia or Paraguay, in addition to Brazil, where President Dilma Rousseff is facing a subject increasingly embarrassing for the parties in his coalition.
Petrobras scandal widens
In mid-November, the Justice launched during an operation dubbed "Last Judgement", 85 arrest warrants and search warrants involving companies working for Petrobras nine public works, the oil company controlled by the State .abaixe windows Both Petrobras directors have held, Paulo Roberto Costa and Renato Duque, were added three CEO construction companies - José Pinheiro Filho Aldemario (OAS), Dalton dos Santos Avancini (Camargo Correa), Ricardo Pessoa (UTC) - and a dozen senior officials .
What they are charged? Having formed long a cartel to divide public contracts systematically overcharged, and having paid bribes of a commission of 1% to 3% for the parties of the ruling coalition. The beneficiaries of this money are Party (PT, left) President of the Workers Dilma Rousseff, the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB, center) Vice President Michel Temer, and the Progressive Party (PP, right) Paulo Maluf, former governor of São Paulo and symbol of political corruption.
End to impunity?
"I think that the investigation could change Brazil forever, in that it will end impunity," said Rousseff. He added: "This is the first survey on corruption in Brazil, which includes the public and private sectors." The president is trying to preserve its incorruptible image, which did not hesitate in his first year in office, in 2011, to part with seven suspected dishonesty ministers. The problem is that, under President Lula, was Minister of Energy (2003-2005) and then the all-powerful chief of staff. And for much of the period covered by the survey, chaired the Board of Directors of Petrobras (2003-2010).
Already, the treasurer of the Workers Party, John Vaccari Neto, is suspected of being personally involved in the case Petrobras-BTP. The Court of Auditors found the Brazilian Petrobras malpractice would be $ 3 billion reais (about one billion). However, according to ongoing research, money laundering and the amounts overcharged paid the bribe title would have reached 10 billion dollars for ten years. The research is likely to be even more overwhelming that the links between the political class and the jewels of the economy are strong.
The construction of Brasilia
In Brazil, political corruption has changed dimensions with the construction of Brasília, in early 1960. The alliance between the government and large groups of Construction (building) dating back to that time. He was never questioned, nor during the years of military dictatorship (1964-1985), or since the return of democracy, regardless of the ruling parties.
Several groups are present in the Brazilian construction abroad, where they often operated in troubled waters. Thus, Odebrecht giant, suspected of involvement in the cartel targets of the law, made from juicy business in Angola during the years of civil war.
The former union leader Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva became president in 2003, has often been the VRP these groups. Odebrecht has been able to overcome the major markets in Cuba (enlargement of the port of Mariel, strategic project) or Venezuela, without worrying about competition. Since leaving the presidency, construction generously funded his trips abroad on behalf of the Lula Institute.
expensive elections
The presidential and parliamentary elections in October 2014 were the most expensive in Brazilian history. The campaigns were largely financed by construction companies currently face justice for their overpriced contracts with Petrobras, the oil company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but controlled by the state.
The purpose of these manipulations budget was to give bribes in the Workers Party (PT, left) of Lula and President Dilma Rousseff, and other formations of the government coalition.
This is not the first time that the "monthly allowance" (big monthly payment) scandal has already called was intended to illegally finance election campaigns. He had nearly cost him his re-election of Lula, who had to sacrifice his right arm, José Dirceu, and other leaders of the PT, convicted by the Supreme Court after several years of proceedings (2005-2012).
Having said that the PT was like the other parties, their management, then took up the defense of the damned, as if it were "political prisoners". Before coming to power, the PT had however played the white knights ready to denounce the corruption of all other formations, particularly during the constitutional reform allowing presidential re-election and during privatization, under the chairmanship of the Social Democratic Party Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2003).
anticorruption
The ambiguity about the "monthly allowance" and other dishonesty weighed in the October elections, as the PT decreased, although Dilma Rousseff was elected in Snatch: old bastions PT of Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, which began its implementation, collapsed .
Brazilian rose once against corruption. Demonstrations on an unprecedented scale was forced to resign President Fernando Collor de Mello in 1992 to avoid impeachment (removal) in Congress. But then, the view still and business had picked up again.
Cases of corruption were revealed and punished in Brazil thanks to the vigilance and persistence of three institutions: the federal police, the judiciary and the press. Independence not please everyone. The government has done a commendable effort of transparency and the equivalent of the Court of Auditors did its job. The law requires that applicants do not have a criminal record, but it is a citizens' initiative. Obviously, this is not enough.
The campaign finance and the state of the parties needs to be reformed. There are 28 political parties represented in Congress. Almost all of these courses are invertebrates, has no identity or program. Government alliances, such as the side of the opposition, are purely opportunistic, positions and state sinecures exchanges.
However, political reform is not only absent from the agenda. Tax reform should be added, the reform of public security, public health and education, etc. Corruption reveal a deeper disease: reforms has delivered indefinitely for men and women politicians who are content to manage one of the countries on the continent a week.
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