Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau (avatar)

Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau

Chercheur en psychanayse, spécialiste des mutilations sexuelles

Abonné·e de Mediapart

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Billet de blog 8 juin 2015

Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau (avatar)

Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau

Chercheur en psychanayse, spécialiste des mutilations sexuelles

Abonné·e de Mediapart

Terrorism and circumcision

Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau (avatar)

Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau

Chercheur en psychanayse, spécialiste des mutilations sexuelles

Abonné·e de Mediapart

Ce blog est personnel, la rédaction n’est pas à l’origine de ses contenus.

Terrorism and circumcision, high correlation and psychoanalytical causality

(Circumcised first, then fanaticized,

circumcision makes men weapons of war)

(français : Terrorisme et circoncision ; circoncis d'abord, fanatisés ensuite (psychanalyse du terrorisme))

"Circumcision standardizes the bodies in order to communitarize the minds later and till the grave." Mohamed Louizi (blog mediapart)

"It is imperative to understand that collective identity is the key to understanding terrorist behaviour."1

I – Terrorised children

"… male circumcision is not primarily a medical issue but rather has its roots in deeply held religious beliefs and social customs that defy rational and humane understanding."2 James Prescott

For the child treated like a mere object, circumcision is an experience of violence, pain, terror, abandonment and powerlessness, to an extreme degree3, 4. Ronald Goldman

"It is likely that trust in the object, undermined or strongly upset in a baby, has outcomes upon the future of the child, and even the adult they will become, in their bonds with the world, to others and consequently to themselves." Miryam Boubli

“... we must hold fast to the view that fear of castration is one of the commonest and strongest motives for repression and thus for the formation of neuroses. The analysis of cases in which circumcision though not, it is true, castration, has been carried out on boys as a cure or punishment of masturbation (a far from rare occurrence in Anglo-American society) has given our conviction a last degree of certainty."5 Sigmund Freud

"The results of the threat of castration are multifarious and incalculable; they affect the whole of a boy's relations with his father and mother and subsequently with men and women in general."6 Sigmund Freud

"A thanatophilia compulsion prevails in cultural anti-ethical customs, such as genital mutilation of children and adolescents." Moisés Tractenberg (11th symposium of NOCIRC, 2010)

"The fact that we do not remember does not mean that we are not entirely invaded by a traumatic memory." Muriel Salmona

"Accident, assault, sexual violence or aggression… After such shocks, ten per cent of women and five per cent of men who are their victims develop post-traumatic stress disorders." Muriel Salmona

"Sexual violence is, with torture, what causes most psycho-traumatic disorders." Muriel Salmona

"The main breeding ground for all future violence is violence to children." Muriel Salmona

"Unfortunately, the fact that all monsters were born innocent children and become bestial only because of their brutal education is denied everywhere. Aren't the terrorists who behead their victims, in Iraq or elsewhere, human beings, didn't they become, like Hitler, cruel and ruthless as a result of their childhood?" Alice Miller

"Children hurt in their integrity do not stop loving their parents. They stop loving themselves." Jesper Juul

Circumcision and excision are the worst forms of the black pedagogy that puts the child under terror (cf. Alice Miller). Most societies condemn, to varying degrees, juvenile sexuality (autosexuality, premarital sexuality). In order to ban it, a few go as far as sexual mutilation. From the child's point of view, it is a mass terrorist attack, with torture in addition.

"Its first, totemic, phase (of civilization) already brings with it the prohibition against an incestuous choice of object, and this is perhaps the most drastic mutilation which man’s erotic life has in all time experienced." Sigmund Freud7

Circumcision is born in the ruling classes (rich enough to afford polygamy) of some primitive civilizations. The matter was avoiding adultery with the stepmother by setting up an unconscious terror: the anguish of eviration (and death). Indeed, under the family roof, grown-up sons lived together with their father’s young spouses. All-powerful fathers easily imposed the circumcision of their sons. The evirated eunuchs of the harem made that cruel warning present. Freud affirms that the threat of castration has dramatic psychological outcomes:

"The results of the threat of castration are multifarious and incalculable; they affect the whole of a boy’s relations with his father and mother and subsequently with men and women in general."8

That affirmation is accompanied by a footnote that shows that he well sees that circumcision as a threat of castration (in fact, eviration):

"… The primeval custom of circumcision, another substitute for castration, can only be understood as an expression of submission to the father's will… "

In several societies, old spouses gained the daughters’ excision, revolting destruction. The "moral" argument (non-excised are whores) and the economic one: a non-excised girl is unmarriageable, hushed up all challenges. Mothers and fathers established an unspeakable covenant of jealous adults against children. The most virtuous societies escaped that scourge. In the others, unable to make order prevail, parents had recourse to that equilibrium by terror. Later on, sorcerers and religious invented "founding" myths to give it a cultural and moral basis. That mad ethical pretence is that of a moral order9 worse than that of fascism. Artificially racist, it discriminates against the "non-mutilated", considered as debauched and unclean.

A second powerful motivation joined itself to the first: submission of the youth10. Its efficacy is such that those millennial customs are now solidly settled. They have become second nature, and extremely hard to eradicate. Even when polygamy tends to disappear out of necessity, the universal taboo on autosexuality impedes ending with them.

Sexual mutilation is not the only form of the adult terrorism against the child. Humiliations of wanton authoritarianism, oral repression (forbidding and scorn) of infantile and premarital sexuality, slaps, smacking, and blows, provoke as many traumas that disturb health and human relationships. That violence teaches the child the reason of force and the ban on pleasure. Sexual mutilation is its worst form. It is not accepted submission but destroying and humiliating violence. Being the victims of a Stockholm syndrome that is all the stronger as they are naturally trustful and loving towards their parents, children quickly forgive irresponsible adults.

II – Terrorist children

"Fanaticism is a monster that dares calling itself the son of religion." Voltaire

"… the death of those who die before they must and that of those who die because they want to, the death of those who die in agony and pain is the great indictment against civilization."

Herbert Marcuse, Eros and civilization

"And Joshua provided himself with sharp knives, and he circumcised the Israelites nearby the hill of Araloth. Then, here is why Joshua had to practise that circumcision. The whole male population, fit for war, that had come out of Egypt, had died in the desert, on the road that it had followed after going out of Egypt. That whole freed population had endured circumcision; but all those who were born in the desert, during the crossing, had not been circumcised." (Joshua 5: 2-9)11

"The duration of our journey… had been of 38 years. At that time, the whole warlike generation had disappeared…" (Deuteronomy 4: 14)

It has been shown that delinquency and criminality are linked with ill-treatment in infancy12, 13. In a survey14 bearing upon 546 of their circumcised patients aged between 20 and 60, American psychologists and psychiatrists observed: anger, rage, sense of loss, shame, sense of having been victimized and mutilated, low self-esteem, fear, distrust, and grief, relationship difficulties, sexual anxieties, depression, reduced emotional expression, avoidance of intimacy. From the point of view of psychiatry, sexual mutilation is a transgenerational and collective madness characterized by a double syndrome: Münchhausen by proxy and aggravated Stockholm15. That is enough to give the circumcised, when they act, total self-confidence, without the slightest guilt.

The compulsion to excise or circumcise is the least consequence of sexual mutilation. Psychiatry observed it in its victims. A famous example of it is King Saul’s condition for David to obtain his daughter’s hand: a hundred enemies’ foreskins (1 Sam, 18: 25-27). Forced circumcision has been widely documented16 17. In history, circumcision was often a torture inflicted on war captives (English prisoners of the Moguls, German prisoners of the Hereros in Namibia, forced circumcision of Armenians by Turks, Serbs circumcised by Muslims during the war in ex-Yugoslavia, etc…). In December 2000, 800 Moluccan Christians suffered forced "Islamization" with sexual mutilation of both sexes. In Kenya, at the beginning of 2008, the Kikuyus would circumcise the Luos in the middle of the streets out of political retaliation18 19 20. In 2015, in Mosul, Daesh massively excised and circumcised the Yazidis21. In South Africa, adult circumcision makes hundred of victims each year; the latter violently resist and are injured, and sometimes killed, during their circumcision.

September 2001 attacks in New York were only one example of the circumcised's warlike and suicidal tendencies: record rate of criminality and rape in the USA, the immoderate excess of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, relentlessness against Viet-Nam, unceasing wars and slaughters in Africa and the Middle-East. To mention only the most notable, between the slaughter of eleven Israeli Olympic team members in Munich (1972) and that of Istanbul, London, Bagdad, Stockholm, Manchester, Ouagadougou, Barcelona, Las Vegas, Mogadishu, and New York (2017), by way of Copernic (Paris, 1980), rue des rosiers (Paris, 1982), rue de Rennes (Paris 1986), the 10 serial ones in France (1995), notably Saint Michel, the RER C, the Jewish school of Villeurbanne), Louxor (1997), Russia (1994-2005), New York (2001), Bali (2002), Madrid (2004), London (2005), Boston (2013), the Bruxelles-Paris train, Tunis, Paris, Bamako, Garissa (2015), Ouagadougou, Brussels, Orlando, Istanbul, Bagdad, Nice and Berlin (2016), etc…, without counting the innumerable ones committed in the Middle-East, Africa and in the USA itself22 23, nor the numerous thwarted ones, the quasi-totality of terrorist attacks of the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first have been committed by circumcised men. It is often in reaction to the permanent attack of the presence of circumcised invaders in Palestine. Circumcision is an invasive procedure. The circumcised will be invaders. In February 219, Israel had already destroyed 80% (383) of Palestinian villages24. Some speak of cultural genocide. That invasion and those assaults are symptomatic of the blind thirst for revenge and megalomaniac paranoia of allegedly grown-up children.

The nonsensical request: "Give back my gun!" of the terrorist of the Bruxelles-Paris-train attack sadly revealed his trauma. It refers to the castration of the foreskin deeply buried in the unconscious of the poor man. It is illustrated by the image below that relates a true story that occurred in Morocco:

The propensity to cut members or heads reminds and repeats circumcision25 with the same aim of dominating the population with terror. A victim of rape seems to invite us to make a link between the psychological damage of the victims and those of the perpetrators:

"I thought a piece of me disappeared, a piece that never returned."26

Circumcision deeply affects the relationship with women. The high rate of rape, domination and sometimes hate of women ("honour" crimes, etc.) with the circumcised are due to an unconscious thirst for vengeance against mothers who let their boys be mutilated27. We could spot it in the leading cases of the poets Leonard Cohen and Morice Benin28.

The use of rape as a weapon of war (Bosnia, RDC, Syria, Lybia, Boko Haram, Isis, Rohingyas …) is a monstrous forms of unconscious vengeance against circumcision. Collective rape and touching (1st January 216 in Köln) – associated with stealing –, and rape in the presence of the relatives unconsciously reproduce the conditions of perpetration of the circumcision crime where the presence of the whole community violates the dignity and modesty of the child. During gang rape, laughter and songs reproduce those of the "festivities" of circumcision. In war rape, the issue is not so much to kill women, shot after use, than the treacherous mothers accomplices of the circumcision crime. Circumcision and war rape are a matter of gender and power29.

III The psychoanalytical explanation:

repetition of the trauma: blind rage and re-enactment

For young persons treated as pure objects, sexual mutilation is an experience of violence, pain, terror, abandonment and powerlessness, to the highest degree30, 31, 32. The body loss and the implicit threat of eviration (aggravated by a beginning of realization 33, 34, 35) and thus death since, for the unconscious, the part equals the whole, provoke a terrible trauma36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42. That threat is particularly likely since there is a beginning of eviration). It is liable to destabilize the individual in the long term (PTSD). The worst is that that threat bears upon the organ of pleasure. The outcome is the blocking of affective development. It explains the inhumanity of the circumcised in their mass murders, notably those committed by Tsahal against unarmed Palestinian demonstrators43. We do not deal with men but with prolonged and mad adolescents unable to distinguish war from their video games. They reproduce, in an exacerbated and compulsive way, the parental and societal ban on pleasure and the parental practice of violence: the reason of force.

Masculine sexual mutilation is a deep cause of grave violence. Psychoanalysis, confirmed by neuroscience, helps us to understand that violence. Any mutilation creates in the child a trauma that provokes emotional dissociation. The latter enables them to face a level of suffering that their young brain cannot manage; they cut themselves from that suffering that remains encrypted in their brain amygdala (their unconscious). To use the expression of Doctor Salmona, that emotional burden is a "time bomb". In some individuals predisposed by their personal or cultural history, it may entail the worst acting out.

"Questions must be raised as to the extent to which rage and suicidal behaviors are engendered by the assaults of circumcision whether conducted during the newborn or child/pre-pubertal periods. Is there a link between circumcision and the willingness to kill oneself or others for one's religious/national beliefs, particularly when circumcision occurs at the age of puberty, as it does in Muslim cultures? The willingness of many Muslim men to die or kill for their religious beliefs is well known, e.g. the cases of Salman Rushdie and Sirhan Sirhan may be representative here."44

Islamist assaults do not make their victims anywhere and do not target anything. They systematically occur in places of pleasure, leisure, encounter, holidays, and travelling: beaches, hotels, bars, night-clubs, stations, airports, pleasures of sport (stadiums), pleasures of food (markets), spiritual pleasures (mosques, churches), intellectual pleasures (schools, universities, libraries), pleasures of music (concert venues, some religious pretend to forbid music), marginal pleasures (homophiles).

The compulsion to destroy the aesthetic and cultural heritage: works of art, statues, archaeological sites, museums, libraries, churches, mosques, etc., discloses in the open the unconscious trauma provoked by circumcision in the open air. Attacking precious objects is a metaphor for circumcision. The paradigm of that compulsion lies in the suicide of the terrorists, which repeats their own circumcision to the very extreme.

As early as 1930, in two similar letters to Chaim Choffler and Einstein, Sigmund Freud denounced the responsibility of Zionist fanaticism and racism, in the radicalization of Muslims:

"I notice with regret that the unrealistic fanaticism of our people is partly responsible for the arousing of Arabs’ distrust. I can muster no sympathy whatever for the misguided piety that makes a national religion from the remains of the wall of Herod, so challenging the feelings of the natives..." 45

He omitted to mention that the psychological consequences of circumcision make both fanaticisms particularly venomous, as racist the one as the other.

The psychohistorian Marc-André Cotton writes:

"Powerless for directing his legitimate rage against his own father who imposed a violent assault on his integrity, the young man might engage in risky behaviour without understanding the reason."46

The psychoanalyst Moisés Tractenberg gave a brilliant formulation of the link between violence and circumcision:

"Another psychological consequenceof early circumcision is that it imprints an aggressive and traumatic situation onto the mind of the new-born… The impossibility of processing such a tremendous infusion of inwardly focused aggression may lead, a posteriori, to the emergence of psychopathic and violent behaviour or, in many other cases, to the emergence of extreme masochistic behaviour."47

His explanation accounts for suicidal terrorism that mingles extreme sadism and extreme masochism. However, that explanation is psychological or psychiatric.

The worst of those psychological outcomes is the delirious paranoid certainty of moral superiority that circumcision grants:

“That commandment has not been instituted to correct a physical deficiency but a moral one.” Maimonides

That certainty adds an obsessive fanaticism to the artificial racism provoked by circumcision. But for a reason shown by Freud, the racism of the intact towards the circumcised will not be lower:

"The hypothesis that a root of those hatreds of the Jews which occur in such primary ways and lead to such irrational behaviour among the nations of the West must be sought here too, seems inescapable to me. Circumcision is unconsciously equated with castration."48

The psychoanalytical explanation of the circumcised's and their neighbours’ high propensity to genocide, war, and terrorism is simple; it is that of the mechanism of the unconscious that equates the whole and the part. The loss of the foreskin and the related threat of eviration become a strong unconscious motivation for mass murder. The psychoanalyst Tobie Nathan compares circumcision to the Nazi initiation to affirm that initiation by sadism is an initiation to barbarity:

"Himmler ignored his nourishing sadistic drives, the initiation he received in the corps of the SS revealed it to him... The combination of these three levels (isolated emotion, and its ability to trigger perplexity, the attack against strongly invested parts of the body and its ability to trigger "anguish of castration", the paradoxical statements and their ability to trigger confusion) is essential to the expulsion of subjects from their envelope of meaning." 49

So, we can complete Barack Obama's words by saying: routine circumcision, "routine killing". The banality of the evil of circumcision explains the banality of attacks, wars, and genocides committed by or against circumciseds. The quasi-totality of genocides are perpetrated in the presence of circumcision on one side or the other and sometimes on both sides50. Of course, only a small minority of the circumcised population is traumatized to the point of becoming terrorists. But it is enough with a very small percentage of those gravely traumatized by their circumcision to make thousands of potential terrorists. In extreme circumstances, their violence may become contagious.

The racism and the paranoid compulsion generated by circumcision explain the warlike temper of sexually mutilated peoples and their neighbours. They are sometimes pushed to terrorism, and driven to the worst extremes when it is exerted "in the name of God". Circumcision favours submission to the established order and hyper-aggressiveness to defend it. It gives an extremely powerful spring to endlessly renewed tribal wars. It makes the fortunes of arm dealers and gun merchants.

RELATED ARTICLES

- July 14, 2017 open letter on terrorism to the chiefs of state

- Violence and circumcision: genocides, wars, terrorism, the death penalty, excision

- Genocide and circumcision, causality and near absolute correlation (psychoanalytical theory of genocide)

- Between barbarity and exclusion, ritual circumcision, an artificial racism masked behind religion, tradition, culture and folklore,a catalyst of genocide, terrorism, fanaticism, and feminicide

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https://www.academia.edu/33973561/Individual_and_Group_psychology_and_the_understanding_of_Terrorist_behaviour

2 Prescott J. Genital pain versus genital pleasure, why the one and not the other? The Truth Seeker, 1989, pp. 14-21. http://www.violence.de/prescott/truthseeker/genpl.html

3 Goldman R. The psychological impact of circumcision. BJU int 1999; 83 (suppl. 1): 93-103.

http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/goldman1

4 Rhinehart J. Neonatal circumcision reconsidered. Transactional analysis journal 1999; 29 (3): 215-21. http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/rhinehart1/

5 New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. 1933. London: The Hogarth press ltd.; 1964. S.E., XXII, p. 86.

6 An outline of psychoanalysis. 1938. London: The Hogarth press ltd.; 1964. S.E., XXII, p. 189-191.

7 Freud S. Civilization and its discontents. Ch IV.

8 Freud S. An outline of psychoanalysis. 1938. London: The Hogarth press ltd.; 1964. S.E., XXII, p. 190, note 1.

9 Bertaux-Navoiseau M. Sexual mutilation and the moral order (problematics and basic concepts of the struggle against sexual mutilation).

10 Immerman R., Mackey W. A biocultural analysis of circumcision: a kinder gentler tumescence. Soc Biol 1997; 44(3-4), 265-75. http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/immerman2/

11 All quotes from the Bible are literally translated from the translation of the French Rabbinate (Paris: Les éditions Colbo; 1999).

12 Elklit A. et al. Predicting criminality from child maltreatment typologies and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Europeanjournall of psycho-traumatology, 2013 (4).

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21 MEDIA-PRESSE.INFO. L’Etat islamique exige l’excision des fillettes. 2015.

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50 Bertaux-Navoiseau M. Genocides, wars, terrorism, the death penalty, excision and circumcision

Ce blog est personnel, la rédaction n’est pas à l’origine de ses contenus.